Postoperative Dural Arteriovenous Fistula after Clipping of Ruptured Saccular Aneurysm of Pericallosal Artery

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are pathologic dural shunts characterized by meningeal arterial supply, absence of nidus and drainage to dural venous sinuses or cortical veins. They are usually acquired lesions associated with specific disease and inflammatory processes, including craniotomy. We report a case of postoperative DAVF in a 59 year-old male presenting with a ruptured distal right anterior cerebral artery aneurysm. After an uneventful microsurgery for clipping, meningitis occurred on the ninth day, and was successfully treated. The one-year control angiogram showed a left occipital DAVF. The relevant literature on the occurrence of DAVFs is also presented.

Fístulas arteriovenosas durais (FAVDs) são comunicações patológicas caracterizadas por suprimento arterial meníngeo, ausência de nidus e drenagem para seios venosos durais ou veias corticais. As fístulas são geralmente adquiridas, secundárias a processos inflamatórios e doenças específicas, podendo ocorrer após craniotomia. Relatamos um caso de FAVD ocorrido em um homem de 59 anos de idade com aneurisma intracraniano roto em artéria cerebral anterior direita distal, submetido a microcirurgia e clipagem, e evoluindo com meningite pós-operatória. O paciente apresentou boa evolução, mas na angiografia de controle um ano após a cirurgia foi identificada FAVD em seio transverso-sigmoide esquerdo. Uma revisão da literatura focada na etiologia também é apresentada.

Aneurismas intracranianos gigantes: aspectos morfológicos, clínicos e operatórios / Intracranial aneurysms: morphological, clinical and operative aspects

Aneurismas intracranianos gigantes são definidos como aqueles em que o seu maior diâmetro ultrapassa 25 mm, sendo considerados entidade clínico-patológica que difere dos aneurismas de diâmetro menor quanto a incidência de ruptura, apresentação clínica e dificuldade de terapêutica. O tratamento do aneurisma gigante pode ser conservador, endovascular ou neurocirúrgico, e essa decisão depende de fatores como localização anatômica e características do aneurisma, condição médica, idade do doente, habilidades cirúrgicas e possibilidade de tratamento endovascular ou bypass. Apesar de o avanço no conhecimento da patogenia, hemodinâmica, morfologia, de a melhoria nos métodos de diagnóstico por imagem e de o desenvolvimento de técnicas endovasculares e microcirúrgicas terem possibilitado melhor resultado de tratamento, aneurismas gigantes apresentam prognóstico ruim e continuam desafiando os limites de técnicas neurocirúrgicas.

Intracranial giant aneurysms are defined as those larger than 2.5 cm in diameter. These aneurysms represent a clinicopathological entity that differs of ones smaller diameter regarding incidence of rupture, clinical presentation and therapeutic difficulties. The treatment of giant aneurysm can be conservative, endovascular or neurosurgical. This decision depends on factors such as anatomical localization and aneurysm characteristics, patient medical condition, age, surgical skills and possibility of endovascular tr eatment or bypas s. Be side s advancement of knowledge about pathogeny, hemodynamics, morphology, improvement of diagnostic imaging methods and development of endovascular and microsurgical techniques have improved the treatment outcome, giant aneurysms present bad prognosis and remain challenging the limits of neurosurgical techniques.

Angioarchitecture and clinical presentation of brain arteriovenous malformations.

The purpose of this study was to correlate the angioarchitecture of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) with their clinical presentation. A total of 170 patients with AVM 78 males and 92 females, were studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted in order to test the associations between morphological features and clinical presentation. The most frequent clinical presentations at diagnosis were hemorrhage in 89 (52%) patients, headache in 79 (46%), focal neurological deficit in 54 (32%), and seizure in 52 (31%). According to the Spetzler-Martin classification, grade I was found in 15 patients, II in 49, III in 55, IV in 41, and grade V in 10 patients. AVM with small nidus size, single feeding artery and single draining vein were associated with hemorrhage. Hemorrhage was positively associated with Spetzler-Martin grade I and negatively with grade V. The association between seizure and large nidus size was positive, however negative with small nidus size.

Angioarchitecture and clinical presentation of brain arteriovenous malformations / Angioarquitetura e apresentação clínica de malformações arteriovenosas encefálicas

The purpose of this study was to correlate the angioarchitecture of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) with their clinical presentation. A total of 170 patients with AVM 78 males and 92 females, were studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted in order to test the associations between morphological features and clinical presentation. The most frequent clinical presentations at diagnosis were hemorrhage in 89 (52 percent) patients, headache in 79 (46 percent), focal neurological deficit in 54 (32 percent), and seizure in 52 (31 percent). According to the Spetzler-Martin classification, grade I was found in 15 patients, II in 49, III in 55, IV in 41, and grade V in 10 patients. AVM with small nidus size, single feeding artery and single draining vein were associated with hemorrhage. Hemorrhage was positively associated with Spetzler-Martin grade I and negatively with grade V. The association between seizure and large nidus size was positive, however negative with small nidus size.

O objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar a angioarquitetura de malformações arteriovenosas encefálicas (MAV) com sua apresentação clínica. Foram estudados 170 pacientes portadores de MAV, sendo 78 do sexo feminino e 92 do masculino. Análises univariada e multivariada foram efetuadas para testar associações entre características morfológicas e quadro clínico. As principais formas de apresentação clínica no momento do diagnóstico incluíram hemorragia em 89 (52 por cento) pacientes, cefaléia em 79 (46 por cento), déficit focal em 54 (32 por cento) e convulsão em 52 (31 por cento). De acordo com a classificação de Spetzler e Martin, 15 pacientes tinham MAV grau I, 49 grau II, 55 grau III, 41 grau IV, e 10 grau V. MAV com nidus de tamanho pequeno, aferência e eferência únicas foram associados à hemorragia. Hemorragia foi positivamente associada com grau I e negativamente com grau V. A associação entre convulsão e nidus de tamanho grande foi positiva, porém negativa com nidus de tamanho pequeno.